Miami Shores · South Florida

Grow a garden that loves the heat, the rain & the sea breeze.

Practical, zone-appropriate advice for Miami Shores gardeners: what to plant each month, which natives and tropicals thrive in our limestone and sand, and how to keep it all standing through the wet season.

Zone 10b / 11aUSDA hardiness
pH 7.5–8.5Alkaline, sandy limestone
Jun – OctWet season
Jun 1 – Nov 30Hurricane season
Month by month

South Florida planting calendar

Our seasons are flipped compared with most of the U.S.: the cool, dry months (October–April) are prime vegetable season, while the hot, wet summer is the time to plant trees, palms and natives and give vegetable beds a rest.

Cool & dry: peak vegetables Hot & dry: transition Hot & wet: trees, natives, tropical greens

January Cool · dry

Plant
Tomatoes, peppers, lettuce, broccoli, cabbage, carrots, beets, radishes, bush beans, cilantro, dill, parsley.
Tasks
Watch for occasional cold fronts; cover tender tropicals if lows dip toward 40°F. Mangos begin blooming. Water by need, since this is our dry season.

February Cool · dry

Plant
Last good window for tomato and pepper transplants. Sow beans, squash, cucumbers, sweet corn; keep succession-sowing lettuce and radishes.
Tasks
Harvest cool-season crops. Scout mango flowers for anthracnose and powdery mildew in damp spells. Refresh mulch.

March Warming · dry

Plant
Sweet corn, squash, cucumbers, beans, sweet potatoes, okra; basil and other warm-season herbs.
Tasks
Usually the driest stretch, so check soil moisture often. Feed palms and ornamentals with a slow-release palm/landscape fertilizer that includes magnesium and micronutrients.

April Hot · dry

Plant
Okra, southern peas (cowpeas), sweet potatoes, peanuts, roselle, Seminole pumpkin; heat-loving herbs like Cuban oregano and lemongrass.
Tasks
Pull spent tomatoes before pests build up. Watch for lubber grasshoppers and whiteflies. Mulch 2–3 inches deep, kept off trunks and stems.

May Hot · rains begin

Plant
Late May starts the best window for trees, palms and native shrubs. Also tropical greens: Okinawa spinach, Malabar spinach, longevity spinach, chaya.
Tasks
Hurricane prep: have a certified arborist assess and structurally prune trees before June. Finish any nitrogen/phosphorus feeding before the county's rainy-season restriction starts (see Soil & Water).

June Wet season

Plant
Trees, palms, coontie, firebush, fakahatchee grass and other natives (the rains do the watering). Sweet potatoes, okra, southern peas, tropical greens.
Tasks
Hurricane season begins June 1, so restock supplies. Early mango varieties ripen. Turn off irrigation when rain is steady.

July Wet · hottest

Plant
Keep planting natives and trees. Sow a cover crop like sunn hemp or cowpeas in resting vegetable beds.
Tasks
Solarize vegetable beds with clear plastic for 4–6 weeks to suppress nematodes and weeds. Peak mango harvest. Thin dense canopies to reduce fungal disease.

August Wet · storm peak nears

Plant
Start tomato, pepper and eggplant seeds in shaded trays for fall transplanting. Collards can go in late in the month.
Tasks
Secure pots, trellises and hanging baskets. Late mangos and summer avocados ripen. Keep dumping standing water weekly, bromeliad cups included, for mosquitoes.

September Wet · storm peak

Plant
Peppers, eggplant, collards, kale, broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower; begin tomato transplants in late September in raised or well-drained beds.
Tasks
Climatological peak of hurricane season (around Sept. 10). Remove solarization plastic and work in compost before fall planting.

October Season opens

Plant
Nearly everything: tomatoes, peppers, lettuce, kale, broccoli, beans, carrots, beets, radishes, strawberries; cilantro, dill, parsley, chives.
Tasks
Rains taper off, so watch irrigation. The rainy-season fertilizer restriction ends October 31. Add compost to beds.

November Cool · dry

Plant
Prime month: tomatoes, lettuces, Asian greens, onions, English and snap peas, carrots, strawberries, cool-season annual flowers.
Tasks
Hurricane season ends November 30. Stake tomatoes. Scout for aphids, whiteflies and caterpillars weekly.

December Cool · dry

Plant
Continue lettuce, kale, broccoli, carrots, beets, radishes and herbs; succession-sow every 2–3 weeks.
Tasks
Water less as temperatures drop. Keep frost cloth handy for rare cold snaps. Mango bloom may begin.

Timing follows general UF/IFAS guidance for South Florida. Microclimates vary, and plants near Biscayne Bay often stay a little warmer in winter. For crop-by-crop dates, see the UF/IFAS Florida Vegetable Gardening Guide.

What thrives here

Best plants for Miami Shores

A mix of tough Florida natives that feed local wildlife and tropical favorites that love our climate. Natives are marked. They're adapted to our alkaline soil, need little fertilizer and support pollinators.

Coontie

Zamia integrifolia

A slow-growing native cycad with glossy, fern-like fronds. Takes sun to shade and drought once established. It's the only larval host for the rare atala butterfly, which has made a comeback in Miami-Dade gardens.

FL nativeSun–shadeDrought tolerantToxic to pets & people

Firebush

Hamelia patens var. patens

Fast-growing native shrub with red-orange tubular flowers nearly year-round. A magnet for hummingbirds and butterflies like zebra longwings. Look for the native variety rather than the non-native dwarf ‘Compacta’ types.

FL nativeFull sun–part shadePollinators

Fakahatchee grass

Tripsacum dactyloides

A bold native clumping grass, 3–5 ft tall and wide. Handles both wet spots and dry spells, makes a soft screen or a lawn alternative for low areas, and shelters wildlife.

FL nativeSun–part shadeWet or dry

Sea grape & cocoplum

Coccoloba uvifera · Chrysobalanus icaco

Two coastal natives with high salt tolerance, ideal near the bay. Sea grape has big round leaves and edible fruit clusters. Cocoplum makes a dense, glossy hedge.

FL nativeSalt tolerantWind tolerant

Muhly grass & beautyberry

Muhlenbergia capillaris · Callicarpa americana

Muhly grass sends up clouds of pink plumes in fall. Beautyberry bears clusters of vivid purple berries that birds love. Both are low-input natives for a softer, wilder look.

FL nativeFall colorWildlife

Blue porterweed

Stachytarpheta jamaicensis

Low, spreading native with small blue flowers that butterflies visit all day. Buy the native species. The taller look-alike S. cayennensis is non-native and invasive.

FL nativeFull sunButterflies

Hibiscus

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis

The classic tropical shrub, with big blooms in nearly every color. Needs full sun and regular feeding with a fertilizer that has micronutrients. Yellowing leaves often mean a nutrient deficiency. Watch for pink hibiscus mealybug, whiteflies and aphids.

Non-nativeFull sunYear-round bloom

Plumeria (frangipani)

Plumeria spp.

Fragrant blooms from spring to fall on a succulent, easy-to-root tree. Wants sharp drainage and full sun, and often drops its leaves in winter. Watch for plumeria rust and the large frangipani hornworm (tetrio sphinx caterpillar).

Non-nativeFull sunFragrant

Bromeliads & crotons

Bromeliaceae · Codiaeum variegatum

Low-maintenance color for shade (bromeliads) and sun (crotons). Flush bromeliad cups with fresh water weekly so mosquitoes can't breed there.

Non-nativeLow careCroton sap is irritating

Mango

Mangifera indica

South Florida's signature fruit. Blooms in winter, ripens roughly May–September depending on variety. In small yards, choose compact or "condo" types and keep them pruned to a manageable height after harvest. Anthracnose is the main disease in wet weather.

EdibleFull sunPlant late spring–summer

Tomatoes (cool season)

Solanum lycopersicum

Plant from late September through February. Summer heat stops fruit set and brings disease. Heat-set and disease-resistant varieties do best. Cherry types are the most forgiving. Grow them in raised beds or large containers with rich mix.

EdibleFull sunOct–Apr harvest

Herbs

Basil, culantro, Cuban oregano, lemongrass, cilantro, dill

Year-round/warm: basil, culantro, Cuban oregano, lemongrass, chives. Cool-season only: cilantro, dill and parsley (they bolt in heat). Rosemary and thyme need excellent drainage and dislike our humidity.

EdibleContainersSun–part shade

Summer greens

Okinawa, Malabar & longevity spinach; chaya

Regular spinach and lettuce won't survive our summers, but these tropical perennials thrive in heat and rain. They keep the kitchen garden productive while traditional crops rest.

EdibleWet seasonChaya must be cooked

Sweet potatoes, okra & cowpeas

Ipomoea batatas · Abelmoschus esculentus · Vigna unguiculata

The heat-loving trio for spring and summer. Plant March–June and they'll keep producing through the hot months when little else will.

EdibleFull sunHeat tolerant
The ground beneath us

Soil & watering tips

Much of Miami Shores sits on a thin layer of sand over porous oolitic limestone. That soil drains fast, holds few nutrients and is alkaline, so many plants can't absorb iron, manganese or magnesium even when it's there.

Working with limestone & sand

  • Pick plants for the soil you have. Natives and other alkaline-tolerant plants beat trying to acidify limestone, which doesn't last.
  • Test before you feed. A soil pH test (UF/IFAS Extension offers testing) tells you what you're working with.
  • Mulch 2–3 inches. Wood chips or pine straw hold moisture, cool roots and slowly add organic matter. Keep mulch a few inches away from trunks.
  • Raised beds for vegetables. Fill them with a compost-rich mix. It's far easier than amending rocky ground.
  • Palms need special food. Use a slow-release palm fertilizer with magnesium, potassium and manganese to prevent frizzle top and yellowing fronds.
  • Feed micronutrients (chelated iron or manganese) for yellowing between leaf veins, a common sign of high-pH soil.

Watering wisely

  • Water deeply, less often. That trains roots downward. Our sand dries fast, but frequent shallow watering makes roots weak.
  • Water early. Morning watering cuts evaporation and fungal disease. Miami-Dade's year-round rules generally limit landscape irrigation to two days a week and prohibit watering between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.
  • New plantings are the exception. Water daily for the first 1–2 weeks, then taper over the following weeks as roots establish.
  • Install a rain sensor and switch irrigation off during the wet season when rain does the job. Florida law requires a working rain shutoff device on automatic systems.
  • Group plants by water need and use drip or micro-irrigation in beds.
  • Watch for wilting at noon. Many plants droop in midday heat and recover by evening. Check the soil before you water.
Protect Biscayne Bay: Miami-Dade County restricts fertilizers containing nitrogen or phosphorus during the rainy season (May 15 – October 31), and keeps fertilizer away from water bodies year-round. Rules change, so check the current ordinance and your exact watering days with Miami-Dade County before you start.
Protect your garden

Pest & hurricane-prep tips

Warm winters mean pests never fully take a break. Scout weekly, start with the gentlest fix, and save broad-spectrum sprays for last so pollinators and beneficial insects survive.

🪰 Whiteflies

Rugose spiraling whitefly leaves white spirals and sooty mold on gumbo limbo, palms and many ornamentals. Hose off colonies, use insecticidal soap or horticultural oil, and let natural enemies (lady beetles, parasitic wasps) do their work.

🐛 Scale & mealybugs

Look for sticky honeydew, ants and sooty mold. Prune out heavy infestations and treat with horticultural oil, covering leaf undersides thoroughly. Pink hibiscus mealybug is a frequent hibiscus pest.

🦗 Lubber grasshoppers

Big, slow and hungry, especially in spring on amaryllis, lilies and citrus. Hand-pick the young nymphs early, when they cluster.

🦎 Iguanas

Green iguanas are invasive and eat hibiscus, vegetables and fruit. Remove fallen fruit, use physical barriers and wire cages over beds, and check current FWC guidance on humane removal.

🐌 Snails & nematodes

Report any giant African land snail sightings to the Florida Department of Agriculture and don't handle them bare-handed. Root-knot nematodes thrive in sandy soil, so rotate crops, add compost and solarize beds in summer.

🦟 Mosquitoes

"Tip and toss" standing water every week: saucers, buckets, tarps, gutters and bromeliad cups. That's the single most effective step in a humid yard.

Hurricane season, June 1 – November 30

Before June

Prune & plan

  • Have a certified arborist thin and structurally prune large trees.
  • Remove dead or weak limbs over the house.
  • Never "hat-rack" (top) trees. Regrowth is weak and breaks easily.
All season

Plant smart

  • Plant wind-resistant species (see below).
  • Give roots room. Avoid planting large trees near foundations, sidewalks and power lines.
  • Stake young trees loosely and remove stakes after a year.
Storm watch

Secure

  • Bring in pots, hanging baskets, furniture and tools.
  • Don't start trimming now. Curbside debris pickup stops before a storm, and loose piles become projectiles.
  • Turn off automatic irrigation.
After the storm

Recover

  • Check for downed lines first and stay clear.
  • Rinse salt spray off foliage with fresh water.
  • Re-stand and re-stake small leaning trees soon. Give damaged plants time before you remove them, and hold off on fertilizer.
More wind-resistant (per UF/IFAS studies):
Live oak, sabal (cabbage) palm, gumbo limbo, pigeon plum, sea grape, Simpson's stopper, Jamaica caper, cocoplum, crape myrtle.
Less wind-resistant:
Australian pine (also invasive), laurel oak, ficus species, silk oak, queen palm, Norfolk Island pine, tabebuia (trumpet tree), jacaranda.
About

About Mimi's Garden

Mimi's Garden is a homegrown guide for gardeners in Miami Shores and nearby South Florida neighborhoods. Most gardening advice is written for places with frost, rich soil and a spring planting season. Ours has none of those. Here you'll find guidance written for our calendar, our limestone, our rains and our storms.

We favor Florida-friendly practices: right plant, right place, natives wherever they fit, careful water use and as little fertilizer and pesticide as possible, so our yards help the bay and the butterflies.

Native-firstWater-wisePollinator-friendlyGrow your own foodStorm-ready
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